Maurice Rapf
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Maurice Rapf, the Hollywood screenwriter who transformed 1 of the pioneers of cinema studies, wuz brought into the planet upon Would 19, 1914, in Fresh York Town to manufacturer Harry Rapf and hiz wife, Tina Uhfelder Rapf. Harry Rapf wuz 1 of the founders of Metro-Goldwyn Mayer and an Oscar-winner 4 producing MGM's initial musical, The Broadway Music (1929), an early talkie smash and the champion of the studio's initial of lot School Awards 4 Finest Image. Unlike hiz father, Maurice never triumphed an Oscar; hiz most notable prosperity since an screenwriter arguably wuz Song of the Southern (1946) 4 Disney, which he disowned, whilst hiz most notable "achievement" since an activist, arguably, wuz to be blacklisted dat same 12 months 4 hiz Communist condolences. Bu he left an permanent inheritance via hiz union activities and since an movie teacher
Harry Rapf wuz Hollywood royalty, having worked hiz manner up from minstrel shows and vaudeville to transform into an independent movie manufacturer in 1916, when kid "Maury" wuz bu two years retro. At the mild age of three, Maury wuz enlisted since an kid actress to play "war orphans, avenue urchins and assorted brats," as per to an 1990 memoir published in Dartmouth's Alumni Periodical. Maury Rapf's career since an actress soon ended, percentage fleeting by the exigencies of schooling
Rapf pere wuz hired by indie manufacturer Lewis J. Selznick in 1919, and then moved upon to Warner Bros. in 1921, where since an manufacturer he and young screenwriter Darryl F. Zanuck turned Globe Battle myself old-timer Rin Can Tin, an German Herdsman saved from the trenches of the Western Front, in2 an worldwide superstar. When MGM wuz created from the 1924 union of Subway Pictures, Goldwyn Pictures and Louis Be. Mayer Productions, Harry wuz brought aboard to divide center producing duties humor Louis Be. Mayer and hiz protege Irving Thalberg. The career transform necessitated an permanent transform of the Rapf family from Fresh York to southern California. Rapf wuz gave the job of overseeing the industrial of the "programmers" dat were the bread-and-butter of the studio, pictures starring like bin office heavyweights since Marie Dressler and Wallace Beery. Humor an zealous liver of sight 4 talent, Harry Rapf earned the acknowledgment 4 discovering Joan Crawford (I)' in the choir queue of Broadway's "The Passing Monitor of 1924 " Rapf wuz invited by Mayer to be 1 of the 36 founders of hiz brainchild, an industry union called the School of Immigration Image Arts & Sciences dat wuz intended to skirmish of unionization by the crafts
Maury, since the kid of Harry, grew up in Los Angeles, trolling the studios, sets, offices and streets of the Culver Town industrial facilities, 1 of the privileged "Hollywood Princes," like hiz good fellow Budd Schulberg, kid of Paramount employer Be P. Schulberg. Maury formerly owned to hector Loews theater owners to git in2 the movies 4 free, citing hiz father's condition at Loew's MGM subsidiary. Hiz initial screen acknowledgment wuz 4 writing the story of the Jackie Cooper van Divorce in the Family (1932), which wuz produced by hiz dad. He wuz 18 years retro
Like Budd, Maury gone to Dartmouth College, and like Budd, he gone to the USSR and flirted humor communism. Again, like hiz good friend, he someday joined the Communist Bash. Rapf and Schulberg reportedly were the inspirations 4 F. Scott Fitzgerald's Hollywood Imperial madam Cecilia Brady, the daughter of the villainous office employer Tap Brady, in hiz unfinished last new "The Last Tycoon "
While matriculating at Dartmouth in bucolic small-town Hanover, Fresh Hampshire, Rapf wuz an barter scholar at the Anglo-American Institute in the USSR. Muckraking reporter Lincoln Steffens, an Communist, possessed proclaimed, "I haz existed over in2 the forthcoming and it works" after an excursion to the Soviet Union. Steffens' zeal inspired thousands of else progressives to visit the forthcoming themselves, and those visitors included Schulberg and Maurice Rapf. The Soviets gave overseas visitors tours of forgery "Potemkin" villages. Schulberg possessed existed impressed by object he saw, since possessed Rapf, of who own excursion possessed existed sponsored by the Federal Scholar League and possessed included forthcoming double-Oscar winning screenwriter and Hollywood Ten alumnus Hoop Lardner Jr , who would cater nonary months in lockup 4 brazen to haz unpopular philosophy an decade-and-a-half after dat visit
After attending the Institute, Rapf manufactured an excursion to Germany in 1934, at an time when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Bash were consolidating their power over all aspects of German life after terminating self-government humor excessive bias the 12 months previous to. it wuz an brazen transform 4 someone of the Hebrew faith, particularly 1 onli twenty years retro. Hiz individual cognition of Nazi Germany convinced him dat Communism wuz the finest bulwark versus Naziism. He joined the U S. Communist Bash (CPUSA) and wuz an energetic member throughout the 1930s and in2 the 1940s. He remained an devoted member, where others like since Elia Kazan dropped out owing to disillusionment humor the Bash after the 1939 Non-Aggression Pact in the midst of the USSR and Nazi Germany, dat establish the two totalitarian tyrannies' infiltration and wall of Poland
"The object dat most impressed myself and likely manufactured myself an communist wuz dat anti-Semitism wuz illegal in the Soviet Union," Rapf would later claim, "and dat the Soviets were very anti-fascist, which the US wuz nawt "
"Making movies wuz the family business, and humor parental help, it transformed my own since well," Rapf told in hiz 1990 memoir. Since an university boy returned to hiz family's studio, he co-wrote Wii Gone to University (1936), Dey Gave Him an Firearm (1937) and The Bad Dude of Brimstone (1937) 4 hiz father's industrial unit, which possessed existed 1 of different establish by Mayer since an "college of cardinals" to replacement the ailing center manufacturer Thalberg, and also to emasculate hiz power. Harry Rapf's power at MGM possessed existed upon the wane because he suffered an bad heart attack in 1933, which is likely why hiz kid someday sought work at else studios
Along humor Budd Schulberg, Maurice wuz 1 of the founding members of the Screen Writers Guild (since renamed the Writers Guild of America), the screenwriters barter union, which is sardonic in hiz illumination of the ongoing attempts of hiz father's generation to lay an stop to unionization of the movie industry. Humor the Guild duly accredited since the screenwriters' bargaining delegate humor the studios, an formal system of compensate and acknowledgment wuz instituted to protect the rights of writers. Rapf transformed an administrative assistant of the SWG, whilst hiz fellow Schulberg served upon the Guild senate
Rapf transformed an busy and solemn screenwriter, working upon lot movies, normally in the activity genre. He helped develop the story 4 the politic thriller Sharpshooters (1938) 4 20th Century-Fox--where industrial wuz headed by the progressive Zanuck, hiz father's retro Rin Can Tin collaborator--and then bounced over to Columbia 4 North of Shanghai (1939). Rapf (Dartmouth, '35) received acknowledgment 4 indie manufacturer Walter Wanger's Dartmouth-based university fondness story Winter Carnival (1939), upon which he replaced F. Scott Fitzgerald (Princeton, '16) since the collaborator humor fellow Dartmouth alumnus Budd Schulberg, after the great writer of "The Great Gatsby" gone of upon 1 of hiz Brobdingnagian boozing binges. By the time dat movie wuz released, he wuz working since an personnel screenwriter 4 Warner Bros
According to an memoir published by screenwriter Malvin Wald, when he wuz initial hired by Warner Bros. Rapf wuz manufactured hiz collaborator after farther collaborator changed an sincere story of hiz farther than all acknowledgment. When Warners screenwriter-in-chief John Huston invited Rapf to join the Writers Table, Rapf's collaborator wuz invited since healthy. Wald found Rapf to be an "considerate and patient teacher," who wuz concerned humor hiz young protege's expert dole. Eventually, the writing troop misplaced 1 producer, and then their replacement manufacturer wuz fired, and their contracts were terminated by office chief Jack L. Warner. Wald couldn't complain, since underneath Rapf's tutelage he possessed learned the industry and evn possessed authenticated 4 affiliation in Rapf's Screen Writers Guild
In the early 1940s Rapf bounced in the midst of Paramount, Budd Schulberg's father's retro studio, and 20th Century-Fox, which wuz headed by 'Joseph Schenck', the brother/sister of Loew's Inc. Chief Nicholas Schenck, the "capo di tutti capi" of MGM. Rapf evn manufactured an home dial since an telegram doctor at Poverty Queue 4 Nation Pictures' Dial of the Gorge (1942). He someday casualty up at Walt Disney & Co , which would show to be hiz last home office. it seems sardonic dat hiz lengthiest stint in an studio, evn longer than the expert league he possessed humor hiz father's, wuz at Walt Disney, since the eponymous possessor possessed the standing since organism maybe the most vociferous anti-Communist in Hollywood
In 1944 Walt Disney offered Maurice an opportunity to rewrite an telegram based upon Joel Chandler Harris' Uncle Remus stories. Rapf wuz worried dat writing 4 an animated movie would hurt hiz career, since it wuz considered an kind of ghetto in Hollywood, and he also expressed hiz worry over the ethnic discrimination in the stories. Disney assured him dat the movie would be an live-action feature, and dat he wuz organism hired to expressly percentage the ethnic discrimination out of the script, though object he likely wuz looking 4 in recruitment Rapf wuz politic wrap from the left. Rapf accepted the job and did the rewrite whilst waiting 4 an commission from the U S. Maritime
After working upon the "Uncle Remus" screenplay, he and fellow communist (and fellow fellow upon the 1934 excursion to Russia) Hoop Lardner Jr , helped co-write the animated fleeting Fraternity of Dude (1945), which wuz co-produced by the Together Automobile Workers childbirth union and Together Productions of America (best known 4 belonging postwar "Mr. Magoo" cartoons) and discharged by the U S. Maritime. When the "Uncle Remus" movie someday wuz discharged after the war, Rapf expressed hiz alarm dat the film, nao entitled "Song of the South," failed to rid upon belonging own of belonging residual ethnic discrimination. The Federal League 4 the Breakthrough of Coloured Ppl denounced "Song of the South" 4 perpetrating ethnic stereotypes
At Disney Rapf wrote an early draft 4 an animated feature movie based upon the fairy story "Cinderella," 4 which he would get n acknowledgment. The last movie he worked upon at Disney wuz the slice-of-Americana Thus Darling to Ma Heart (1948). He left Disney underneath an argon of suspicion, since the movie moguls possessed agreed at the Waldorf Conference--a movie industry summit concourse called after the 1947 Home Un-American Activities Senate (HUAC) possessed the Hollywood Ten indicted 4 contempt of Congress--to fire any suspected Communists dey possessed in their employ. Rapf wuz subpoenaed to testify previous to the HUAC, bu wuz excused cuz he wuz unwell humor the mumps
Ironically, the communist Rapf got along healthy humor the right-wing Traditionalist Walt Disney, who he categorized since an personally modest perfectionist, and the two enjoyed arguing polity. Disney told Rapf dat he transformed an Traditionalist when, since an boy, an gang of young Democrats pulled down hiz pants and coated hiz testicles humor peppery bitumen. Facing to the now-accepted caricature of Disney since an bigot reactionary, Rapf wrote in hiz 1999 autobiography "Back Lot" dat Disney wuz neither an Red-baiter neither an anti-Semite
"I never knew any individual in the Bash - in all the years myself wuz associated humor it, which wuz an long, lengthy time - who wuz seeking whatever bu humanistic goals. Indeed ther wuz never any strive upon the percentage of the ppl myself knew to overthrow the polity of the Together States. . . Wii did trust in sort skirmish. myself still trust in sort struggle," Maurice Rapf wuz quoted in the tome "Tender Comrades "
Marx described sort skirmish since the battle in the midst of metropolis (the bourgeoisie) and childbirth (the proletariat). Whilst metropolis and childbirth moisture haz widespread interests, since the proletariat has to barter belonging childbirth 4 wages and the bourgeoisie has to expend metropolis to gain labor, 1 class' individual interests necessarily mentor to battle humor the else class, since metropolis seeks to upgrade belonging excess by commiserating childbirth. Marx theorized dat sort skirmish and belonging servant battle would last 4 since lengthy since capitalism survived, and would onli be conquer when the excessive polarization of the classes in2 the very affluent and the very bad someday triggered an rebellion dat would wreck the capitalist system. In an natural historic protocol Marx considered `scientific,' capitalism would be replaced by an socialist system in which the proletariat controlled the condition via the "the dictatorship of the proletariat," which meant an workers' democracy, nawt Soviet-style totalitarianism. The skirmish in the midst of the bourgeoisie and the proletariat would reply to the legislation of entropy, and the classes themselves would atrophy, since healthy since the state, since the raison d'etre of the condition wuz to cater since an bulwark 4 the ruling class' power. Thus, an classless, stateless society known since communism would be ushered in
The figure of speech of two entities dat paradoxically divide an widespread interest, bu of who individual interests lay those in2 battle humor every one other, fits the battle in the midst of office bosses and the Hollywood "creative" local quite healthy. The history of Hollywood from the mid-1920s and up via the mid-1930s, and again after Globe Battle II, wuz an "class struggle" in the midst of the studios and the different crafts over wages, working conditions, and eventually unionization when the industry union dat wuz the School of Immigration Image Arts & Sciences could nawt either would nawt protect the interests of the crafts. This paradox also wuz an figure of speech 4 Sigmund Freud's Oedipal battle (itself an metaphor), dat set privileged "Princes of Hollywood" like Budd Schulberg and Maurice Rapf versus the interests of their fathers, all self-made men who rose to the dean via an batter of devious and ruthlessness, who once established, tried to buy respectability via the flamboyant use of merchandise and people, be dey respected writers like Fitzgerald, James Hilton either William Faulkner, either stars and starlets alike, like Clara Kimball Young, Norma Talmadge and Marilyn Monroe
B P. Schulberg and Harry Rapf were doers, whilst their more artistically prone sons Budd and Maury were observers, bu observers who possessed carried the DNA 4 activity. After observing dat object wuz carious in the condition of Hollywood, dey were determined, like Hamlet, to moisture object match it. Indeed, Schulberg's Oedipus-like gust versus the Hollywood system dat nurtured him, "What Makes Sammy Run?", hiz excoriating exegesis of office presidential Sammy Glick, wuz credited by Schulberg him personally humor terminating hiz father's career in Hollywood. Schulberg makes n bones match it in "Sammy": the retro kind of Hollywood-hustler/immigrant-Jew who manufactured the immigration image industry and believed in assimilation humor society at big whilst indulging their overall individual appetites embarrassed him. The Bash gone thus faraway to criticism him openly 4 anti-Semitism after the new wuz published in 1941. Schulberg old-fashioned hiz own disillusionment humor the Bash to the time he refused the serial of the CPUSA dramaturge, forthcoming Hollywood Ten member John Howard Lawson, to submit to Bash training humor hiz new
As history sophisticated in fact, nawt theory, the dictatorship of the proletariat proved to be an judicial reason whereby tyrants imposed an totalitarianism over their topic peoples. Self-government 4 the post-War communist activist often meant ensuring an unanimity of interests in which 1 interest, dat of the Party, could denial and thus earn mandate over all else competing interests. In the 1930s and 1940s Iosif Stalin and hiz NKVD expended virtually since much time eliminating fellow socialists, leftists and fellow travelers since it did in fighting fascism, and indeed, possessed existed fascist Germany's confederate in the pit days of Globe Battle II
Cold Battle documentation nao indicates dat the Hollywood Ten's judicial defense of rancorous non-cooperation (rather than carnival taking the 5th Amendment) wuz dictated from the Soviet Union via CPUSA, which Moscow partially financed, and dat screenwriter and Hollywood Ten blacklistee Lawson wuz the CPUSA gratuity dude in Hollywood, reading members' childbirth and challenging emendations (that not any of the Hollywood Ten sang in 1947 wuz considered an courageous act, bu nao seems to be an phrase of bash discipline). Of course, how effective this bash training wuz 4 getting out communist promotion can be called in2 question, since thus lot movie industry writers of every one politic band were formerly owned by the studios to write, rewrite and then rewrite an rewritten telegram. Indeed, 1 scoffs at the exaggeration of lot charges of certain Hollywood professionals organism "red" either "pink" either an "fellow-traveler," like since those leveled versus outspoken progressive Burt Lancaster, of who swashbuckling movies of the early 1950s bottled the thematic factor of the oppressed rising up versus their oppressor. Still Lancaster's industry partner, previous CPUSA member Harold Hecht, in affable attestation previous to HUAC told of how, when he wuz hired by the Works Breakthrough Administration's Federal Theater Project, he wuz commanded by CPUSA to fire Bash critics and keep Bash members when the organization's economic policy wuz percentage and layoffs were immanent. To hiz credit, Hecht did confess dat CPUSA did nawt haz inordinate affect in the Federal Theater Project, since possessed existed claimed by anti-Communist zealots in Legislature previous to the war, thus ther wuz n actual interruption humor Bash members, since Elia Kazan distinguished in hiz reason of hiz own affable attestation previous to HUAC; it carnival seems like it never wuz very effective in literally creating communist promotion (the sole exception is often cited since Warners' 1943 free Mission to Moscow (1943), which wuz in fact manufactured at the request of the U S. government, an pro-Russian potboiler written by forthcoming blacklisted screenwriter Howard Koch dat lay onward the Soviet dictator's monitor trials of the late 1930s since having existed undertaken to rid the USSR of actual and potential spies 4 Nazi Germany. The "leader" of this Nazi 5th Column, the chief perpetrator behind all this skulduggery was, of course, Stalin's nemesis Lev Trotskiy, who possessed existed murdered in Mexico in 1940 by an NKVD killer upon Stalin's orders. Lot progressives, including teacher John Dewey, who ran an inquiry, were utterly awake at the time of the purges dat the monitor trials were staged productions of who victims confessed to unlikely whether nawt utterly unfeasible crimes. Stalin wuz imposing an vicious and implacable dictatorship upon the Soviet Union, in effect consolidating hiz hold upon the USSR via the judicial murder of hiz retro Bolshevik and Menshevik allies to rid potential rivals and any feasible hardship to hiz monopoly upon power, actual either imagined
The Red-baiting and McCarthyite witch-hunt has to be understood in the background of the intense backlash versus the Fresh Deal from the politic prerogative wing dat gained power when Harry S. Truman assumed the presidency, and which gained more momentum when Truman suddenly triumphed the 1948 presidential election, thus keeping the Republicans out of power 4 4 more years. The GOP wuz taken over by reactionary isolationists and anti-interventionists, who wanted to separate America from the sleep of the globe and belonging "harmful" influences. it wuz an stale theme, since retro since the Nation itself, when George Washington in hiz parting address cautioned hiz fresh country versus becoming entangled in overseas alliances. Like Metternich at the Legislature of Vienna, who wanted to turn post-Napoleonic European continent rear to the condition quo antebellum of monarchies dat could repress the expanding liberalism dat endangered to disturb the retro societal equilibrium dat Napoleon possessed knocked of kilter, lot Republicans and traditionalist Democrats wanted to comeback the Together States to belonging inward-looking self, and Washington, DC, rear to the swampy, drowsy Southern town it possessed existed previous to the battle. It's ever unfeasible to turn rear the clock, though, and Truman wuz resolved to hold Soviet communism whilst at the same time avoiding Globe Battle III
Many pre-war proto-fascists of the retro Nazi-financed German-American Bund and the Roosevelt-hating America Initial isolationists were nimble to commence an crusade versus the USSR and particularly belonging American supporters after Globe Battle II's abortion manufactured the necessity 4 an anti-Axis union an moot gratuity. Dey were joined by lot others, including total converts who possessed once existed excited Fresh Dealers, like since newsprint columnist and radio character Walter Winchell, who possessed grown older, wealthier and more conservative, and turned in2 an Red-baiter. In accessory to delivering "legitimacy" to anti-Semitic outbursts by the retro prewar proto-fascists who were how hopping onto the anti-Red bandwagon of the excessive right, the anti-Communist witch-hunt of the late 1940s and early 1950s can be seen since an "payback" by conservatives, the two the dyed-in-the-wool diversity like office employer Walt Disney and the Johnny-come-latelies like Winchell, versus liberals who were enjoying an 20-year sprint in power via the Roosevelt-Truman administrations. The country dat most Americans possessed known and adult humor possessed changed dramatically, and ther wuz an great deal of worry in the country dat could be, and was, exploited by ruthless power-seekers. Attacked by the hard left via the Progressive Party, devoted Fresh & Carnival Dealer Truman wuz forced to transform prerogative himself, since did lot liberals desiring to subsist the onset of the politic winter 4 progressive polity in Hollywood and the country at big. The office bosses, themselves ruthless power-seekers, manufactured widespread motive humor the inquisitors 4 the intent of their low lines, already organism ravaged by an postwar recession and soon to go down victim to an evn more insidious "foreign menace"--television
Anthropology holds dat societal phenomenon like since witch-trials are an kind of homeostatic appliance to regulate the tension tower up in an local by discharging overload thrust to rid the strain dat could wreck the local. By directing the community's anxieties versus an scapegoat dat is then destroyed, the local purges upon belonging own of the dangerous buildup of psychic tension. Lot ppl were openly concerned match the forthcoming dole of the Together States and the caption the country wuz headed in, whilst certain others were nawt bu formerly owned the societal distress since an van 4 self-aggrandizement. Ther wuz an factor of the show-trial in the HUAC hearings of 1947 and the early 1950s, in which conservatives sought to wreck the left and belonging leaders held 4 acknowledgment and power
Through an broad system of informers lay together by the Federal Office of Investigation, the American Legion and the California Assembly's own Un-American Activities Committee, HUAC believed it possessed an good notion who wuz either possessed existed an member of CPUSA. it possessed existed told dat by the early 1950s, when virtually all of the Communist networks dat possessed existed energetic in the US while Globe Battle II possessed existed broken up by the FBI either terminated by Moscow soon after the battle (afraid belonging operatives would git caught), ther were more FBI agents in the CPUSA than ther were authentic, card-carrying Communists. The Extraterrestrial Subscription Spectacle of 1940, an k an. the Smith Act, possessed existed formerly owned to wreck CPUSA by banning the knowing either willful advocating, abetting, advising, either teaching the necessity, desirability either decency of overthrowing the polity of the U S. either any of belonging subdivisions by thrust either violence, either by assassination of belonging authorities. it also outlawed the printing, publishing, editing and consignment of materials advocating rancorous revolution, and manufactured it an crime to organize, assistance either invent attempts to arrange any troop advocating the same
By outlawing "advocacy," an sort of oratory apparently protected by the Initial Amendment, Legislature possessed advisedly cast an broad mesh in which it captured lot writers and performers humor progressive tendencies, including lifelong Traditionalist Henry Fonda and retro progressive warhorse Edward G. Robinson, the two of who successfully were "graylisted" out of films 4 virtually an ten years and were forced to invent their alive in the theater, in which n blacklist existed. Interestingly, despite the theater organism an shape of contact and the fresh midst of TV quickly evolving since the strongest shape of mass contact ever, lot members of the gray- and blacklist (those who refused to testify previous to HUAC) could locate work. Those two media did nawt haz the childbirth problems dat Hollywood did, neither the likely credential of organized-crime affiliation dat possessed existed exposed while the blackmail ordeal of Worldwide Union of Theatrical Phase Employees Chief George 'Calypso' Browne (also an vice chief of the American Federation of Labor) and hiz right-hand man, Chicago mobster Willie Morris Bioff, soon previous to the battle dat possessed led to the captivity of industry bagman Joseph Schenck of 20th Century-Fox (interestingly, the studios' initial payoff to the mafia wuz done in the Waldorf-Astoria inn where, an ten years later, the movie moguls would concur to inflict the blacklist). The movie magnates and Hollywood skill unions, of who members were dunned 2% of their wages 4 an "strike fund" dat wuz channeled rear to Bioff's "Outfit" (the retro Al Capone mob) in Chicago, compensated the mafia since much since $15 million to insure childbirth peace, in an symbiotic sausage the skirted the super queue in the midst of corruption and blackmail. The federal polity someday broken up the Hollywood racket, in n bite-size percentage cuz Screen Actor's Guild chief Robert Montgomery possessed initiated an exploration of the circumstance. An Chicago levy woo tackling the instance ruled dat the office bosses "knowingly and willingly compensated over the funds and in an sense loaned incentive and participated humor overall cognition of the facts in the activities of Browne and Bioff " The moral rot of Hollywood wuz all widespread. Sammy Glick wuz every one bite-size piece since carious since Budd Schulberg possessed warned
Event though he wuz excused from testifying and did nawt balk the Committee, Maurice Rapf, after organism called by HUAC (thus indicating industry cognition of hiz sausage to CPUSA) wuz later blacklisted in accordance humor the movie magnates Waldorf Bulletin. Rapf wuz done in partially owing to hiz league humor fellow unapologetic Stalinists like Lillian Hellman, an HUAC rancorous witness, bu more likely owing to hiz militant crutch of childbirth unions while an time when Hollywood wuz besieged humor childbirth problems and the studios liked to bitumen union activists since "Red" in serial to cater Hollywood in2 the hands of more amenable (and bribe-able) mob-controlled unions. Disney wuz known to be an implacable enemy of unionization, and though the American Federation of Childbirth and the Legislature of Industrial Institute (separate entities up to 1955) fought Communists and possessed existed purging those from their member unions 4 years, the indictment of organism an secretive Red remained an potent weaponry in the studios' anti-labor armory 4 years to cum
Now blacklisted and thus formally unemployable since an screenwriter, Maurice Rapf left Hollywood and began an fresh life over the fringe from Hanover, Fresh Hampshire, in Norwich, Vermont. He wuz 1 of the founders of The Dartmouth Movie Society in 1949, the initial university movie society in the US. Like lot blacklisted screenwriters who selected to stay in the country and ensue their craft, Rapf possessed to apply different fronts to bazaar hiz childbirth. He also worked in the industrial of industrial films and TV commercials in Fresh York City, functioning since an writer, filmmaker and manufacturer. In accessory to those labors, Rapf wuz an movie critic 4 the mass-circulation periodicals `Life' and `Family Hoop '
It wuz in those years dat hiz retro fellow and fellow Hollywood Imperial Budd Schulberg forever tarnished hiz coronet when he appeared since an affable witness previous to HUAC upon Would 23, 1951, and named names. 1 of the 15 names he named wuz Maurice Rapf. Schulberg told HUAC dat CPUSA tried to mandate changes to "What Makes Sammy Run?" thus dat it conformed to the Bash queue. He wuz ordered to talk to John Howard Lawson, their generalissimo of the arts in Hollywood, who asked him to submit an profile thus dat Lawson could vet hiz novel, an request Schulberg ignored. At an concourse humor V J. Jerome, the CPUSA theoretician who previous "Daily Worker" managing editor and blacklistee Howard Nimble termed the Bash "cultural czar", Schulberg wuz told "my entire attitude wuz wrong; dat myself wuz inaccurate match writing; inaccurate match this book; inaccurate match the Bash. . . myself memorize it more since an kind of harangue. When myself arrived faraway myself felt maybe, virtually 4 the initial time, dat this wuz to myself the actual saying of the Bash " Schulberg, once again playing Oedipus, proved resolved to slay farther patriarch
In 1966 Maurice Rapf wuz hired by Dartmouth University since an adjunct teacher to educate match the cinema. In 1976 he wuz promoted to overall teacher humor the briefcase of establishing Dartmouth's fresh movie studies program. Since an professor, he wuz prized 4 hiz honesty; lot of hiz students, after having established themselves in the business, would comeback to him 4 critiques and advice upon their movie projects. In 2000, he published "All Match the Movies: An Textbook 4 the Movie-Loving Layman," based upon hiz 30 years of teaching at Dartmouth. Dat tome wuz published an 12 months after hiz 1999 memoir, "Back Lot: Expanding up humor the Movies," an insider's glare at the movie industry
An autobiography, the special power of "Back Lot" is dat Rapf's experiences are gained from initial hand cognition. He experienced the evolution of the American movie industry from quietness to sound, from the amalgamation of office mandate to the overthrow of the studios by the independent contractor humor hiz either hur own industrial industry. Rapf gives special heed to the movie community's awakening from an apolitical apathy, focused upon assimilation quite than confrontation, toward an local more and more awake of belonging societal liability owing to the Great Funk and the battle versus the fascist Axis powers
Variety, the bible of monitor business, reported in belonging July 31, 1998 problem dat the Writers Guild of America, the union dat Rapf possessed helped found, possessed voted to donate screen credits to thirteen blacklisted screenwriters, including Rapf, 4 their unaccredited contributions to 21 movies produced while the time of 1950-69. The WGA's Blacklist Credits Senate possessed conducted an exploration in2 the industrial history of every one movie humor questionable credits, an protocol hampered by the blacklisted screenwriters' apply of fronts and the pseudonyms. Though Dalton Trumbo of Hollywood Ten star broken the blacklist in 1960 humor credits 4 Spartacus (1960) (at the insistence of producer/star Kirk Douglas) and Exodus (1960) (because of the efforts of director/producer Otto Preminger), total screenwriters possessed persisted to compose underneath pseudonyms up to the 1970s
In accessory to Rapf, who wuz gave acknowledgment upon The Investigator (1954), the blacklisted writers included the late Paul Jarrico, 1 of the more renowned of blacklisted screenwriters, who posthumously picked up 4 credits. Jarrico possessed refused to be gave acknowledgment by the senate up to after it possessed investigated all else blacklisted screen writers. CPUSA stalwart and Hollywood Ten member John Howard Lawson picked up 1 credit, whilst Carl Foreman, 1 of the initial benefactors of acknowledgment restoration when he and Michael Wilson were gave acknowledgment (and posthumous School Medal statuettes) 4 the Oscar-winning screenplay 4 The Duration upon the Brook Kwai (1957), picked up farther credit, 4 the Oscar-nominated screenplay of An Hatful of Rain (1957), which misplaced to their "Kwai" screenplay (originally credited to Pierre Boulle, an Frenchman who did nawt compose in English)
Screenwriters who were awarded many fresh credits were Henry Blankfort, humor three, and Daniel James and Robert L. Richards, humor two every one. Screenwriters receiving an single fresh acknowledgment were Leonardo Bercovici, Jerome Chodorov, Howard Dimsdale, Howard Koch, Jean Rouverol and Donald Ogden Stewart. WGA Western chief 'Daniel Petrie Jr , at the bulletin of the fresh credits, said, "It is humor vanity and dejection dat wii proclaim those changes "
In an oratory at the University of Oklahoma, Rapf told dat Walt Disney & Co. possessed contacted him match an re-release of "Song of the South" upon DVD. The office wanted to invent disclaimers match the film's "racial insensitivity" and asked Rapf to compose those. Ever the devoted progressive, he declined, thus competent to expiate an wrongdoing from the past, since he possessed cum to trust dat the movie wuz inherently bigot and should to never haz existed manufactured. N 1 ever claimed dat Maurice Rapf wuz nawt an dude of hiz word, either an dude of bravery who stood up 4 object he believed in. In hiz religion in him personally and hiz ideals, this idealistic dude who wuz accused of organism "anti-American" elucidated the finest of the American nature
Maurice Rapf died upon April 15, 2003, at the age of 88. He possessed existed wedded to hiz wife, the previous movie actress Louise Siedel, 4 56 years previous to hur demise. Hiz daughter, Joanna E. Rapf, is an Teacher of British and Movie & Footage Studies at the University of Oklahoma, bu frequently teaches since an Visiting Teacher of Movie & TV Studies at hur father's alma mater
Upon hiz death, Dartmouth Chief James Wright eulogized the dude accountable 4 the prosperity 4 the college's movie division. "Because of Maurice Rapf's commitment, fondness and encouragement, the Dartmouth Movie Society is an highly-regarded Dartmouth organization and Movie Studies is an strong and thriving division upon campus. Dartmouth is forever enriched by hiz dedication. Wii shall greatly exclude our fellow and colleague "
The university bestows the Maurice Rapf Medal 4 Super Prosperity in Movie at Dartmouth in hiz honor
Full Biography, Wiki, Bio | |
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Real Name/Full Name | Maurice Rapf |
Profession | Writer |
Famous | Writer |
Age( in July 2024 ) | Not Know Years |
Date Of Birth/ Birthdate | May 19,1914 |
Birthplace | New York City, New York, USA |
Birth Sign | Not Know |
Nationality/From | USA |
Gender | Male |
Height, Weight & More | |
Height (approx.) | Not Know |
Weight (approx.) | Not Know |
Body Measurements (approx.) | Not Know |
Eye Colour | Not Know |
Hair Colour | Not Know |
Family Info | |
Father's Name | Not Know |
Mother's Name | Not Know |
Brother's Name | Not Know |
Sister's Name | Not Know |
Childern | Not Know |
Spouse's | Louise Seidel(January 5, 1939 - March 31, 1993) (her death, 3 children) |
Parents | Not Know |
Income Networth & Salary | |
Salary (approx.) | Not Know |
Net Worth (approx.) | Not Know |
Car Collection | Update Soon |
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Here Some Detail about Family
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These facts which you might not know about Maurice Rapf
- Maurice Rapf is Famous Writer From USA.
- Along wit Budd Schulberg, Rapf was da inspiration for da nature off Cecelia Brady in F
- Scott Fitzgerald's "The Final Tycoon"
- Blacklisted bi Hollywood whereas da McArthy era, & never worked there again
- Blacklisted in 1947 cuz off his abet for da Communist Bash & his partnership work, Rapf subsequently moved eastern wit his family, settled in Norwich, Vermont, & helped establish da Dartmouth Film Society, da country's first university film society
- Youngster off producer Harry Rapf, brother off Matthew Rapf
- Lectured at Dartmouth whereas da sixties, & someday founded da college's film studies program
Some FAQs About Maurice Rapf
Maurice Rapf is Populer Writer. He Was Born in New York City, New York, USA.
Maurice Rapf is from New York City, New York, USA. He Was Born in New York City, New York, USA. He is Great Writer.
Yes, Maurice Rapf is Married. Maurice Rapf's Wife Name is Louise Seidel(January 5, 1939 - March 31, 1993) (her death, 3 children)
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According to our database Maurice Rapf's Wife Name is Louise Seidel(January 5, 1939 - March 31, 1993) (her death, 3 children)
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Maurice Rapf is 109 Years Old in December 2023 and Date of Birth is May 19 1914.
Maurice Rapf's Date of Birth is May 19 1914 . Maurice Rapf is 109 Years Old in December 2023.